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Soil quality impacts of current South American agricultural practices

Abstract
Increasing global demand for oil seeds and cereals during the past 50 years has caused an expansion in the cultivated areas and resulted in major soil management and crop production changes throughout Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina and southern Brazil. Unprecedented adoption of no-tillage as well as improved soil fertility and plant genetics have increased yields, but the use of purchased inputs, monocropping i.e., continuous soybean (Glycine max [ver mas...]
Increasing global demand for oil seeds and cereals during the past 50 years has caused an expansion in the cultivated areas and resulted in major soil management and crop production changes throughout Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina and southern Brazil. Unprecedented adoption of no-tillage as well as improved soil fertility and plant genetics have increased yields, but the use of purchased inputs, monocropping i.e., continuous soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), and marginal land cultivation have also increased. These changes have significantly altered the global food and feed supply role of these countries, but they have also resulted in various levels of soil degradation through wind and water erosion, soil compaction, soil organic matter (SOM) depletion, and nutrient losses. Sustainability is dependent upon local interactions between soil, climate, landscape characteristics, and production systems. This review examines the region’s current soil and crop conditions and summarizes several research studies designed to reduce or prevent soil degradation. Although the region has both environmental and soil resources that can sustain current agricultural production levels, increasing population, greater urbanization, and more available income will continue to increase the pressure on South American croplands. A better understanding of regional soil differences and quantifying potential consequences of current production practices on various soil resources is needed to ensure that scientific, educational, and regulatory programs result in land management recommendations that support intensification of agriculture without additional soil degradation or other unintended environmental consequences. [Cerrar]
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Author
Wingeyer, Ana Beatriz;   Amado, Telmo Jorge Carneiro;   Pérez Bidegain, Mario;   Studdert, Guillermo;   Perdomo Varela, Carlos Honorio;   García, Fernando O.;   Karlen, Douglas L.;  
Fuente
Sustainability 7 (2) : 2213-2242. (2015)
Date
2015
Editorial
Society for Urban Ecology
ISSN
2071-1050
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12123/3011
http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/7/2/2213
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/su7022213
Formato
pdf
Tipo de documento
artículo
Palabras Claves
Suelo; Prácticas Agrícolas; América del Sur; Degradación del Suelo; Erosión; Materia Orgánica del Suelo; Cero-labranza; Intensificación; intensification; Zero Tillage; Soil Organic Matter; Erosion; Soil Degradation; South America; Agricultural Practices; Soil;
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Excepto donde se diga explicitamente, este item se publica bajo la siguiente descripción: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5)
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