Circular economy in the olive oil value chain: assessment of by-product generation in the main olive-growing area of Argentina, San Juan

Abstract

This work analyzes the potential of the Argentine olive industry to adopt circular economy strategies through the valorization of two by-products: olive pomace and pruning residues. Olive pomace, due to its high organic and phenolic load, can be transformed into high-value products using emerging technologies while pruning residues can be used as renewable energy or compost. Through interviews, data from 14 olive-oil industrial plants were collected for the 2022–2025 campaigns in the main olive-growing area of Argentina (Sarmiento, San Juan). The volumes of olive pomace and pruning residues were estimated and thematic maps were created to support decision-making and logistics planning. Valorizing these materials reduces environmental impacts, promotes job creation, strengthens regional economies, and drives technological innovation. The results demonstrate how circular economy approaches can add value and improve sustainability in the olive sector.