Encuentro entre la agroecología y la agricultura biodinámica: ¿Alternativa a la agricultura industrial?

Abstract

La agroecología analiza la complejidad de los sistemas agroalimentarios y abarca los distintos aspectos de la sustentabilidad, basados en la equidad y los saberes tradicionales. La producción biodinámica comparte principios agroecológicos como la diversificación productiva, la asociación de cultivos, el contro biológico, la baja depencencia de insumos externos, la no utilizaión de productos sintéticos, el uso de variedades locales y labranza conservacionista entre otros. Dentro de este marco y de las tres dimensiones de análisis, sociocultural, económica y ecológica que propone la sustentabilidad, se llevó adelante la cacterización de una granja agroecológica biodinámica ya que estos modelos alternativos operan como "faros" ante la crisis agrícola qu atrabiesa la región del Alto Valle de Río Negro y Neuquén, Argentina. Es necesario sumar los principios de las distintas corrientes agrícolas no convencionales, como alternativa a la agricultura industrial de altos insumos y opción de resistencia y resiliencia ante el cambio climático.

Join berween agroecology and biodynamica agriculture: an alternative to industria agriculture? This article exposes the context of the agrobiodiversity found in family orchards of tje Ramsar wetland lagoon of La Cocha, Nariño, colombia. The estudy emphasized in the model of convergent conservation or land sharing, relating to agrobiodiversity and its uses in the daily life of peasant and indigenous families, who cohabit in the sarne territory and are part of the so-called Natural Reserves of Civil Society - RNSC and Pachawasi. Through the use of a dianosis of agrobiodiversity and focus groups, the study showed tjat most varieties found in the orchards have been introduced and improved; the presence of native speices is low and directly related to family self-consumption. These results indicate that there is a realtionship between tje agricultural varieties grown in the garden and family self-consumption, however, most of these varieties are not native, which is due to chage in the diet and productive activities of tje territory. The loss of native seeds puts at risk the conservation of agrobiodiversity and its recovery process develops along with the gradual transition towards agroecology, carried out by some RNSC an Pachawasi. Therefore, the agroecological matrix required by the land sharing contributes increasingly to the preservation and recovery of the agrobiodiversity of the territories; as long as it is accompanied by cultural, ancestral and territorial collections.