Interacción del clima y la fertilización fosfatada del cultivo de maíz en Entre Ríos

Abstract

Crop yields show significant interannual variability. Different factors condition the yield achievable each year in a given region. The water factor is the most important limitation presented by crops in rainfed systems, mainly explaining the total variability of maize yield from one year to another. On the other hand, the nutrient that conditions the growth and yield of maize to a greater extent is nitrogen, followed by phosphorus. The soil indicator that best relates to P availability is P Bray. With the objective of evaluating the effect of the application of P in the maize crop under different climatic conditions, trials were analyzed in producers' fields during several campaigns in different localities of the province of Entre Ríos. The ENSO (Niño-Neutro-Niña) forecast was taken as an indicator of climatic variability. It was found that the ENSO forecast at the end of August explained the variability of yields obtained in the maize crop planted in September. Lower responses to the addition of P were measured when the forecast was Niña. The P Bray is an indicator of response to the addition of P independent of the climatic year.