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Increasing synergistic effects of habitat destruction and hunting on mammals over three decades in the Gran Chaco
Resumen
Habitat destruction and overexploitation are the main threats to biodiversity and where they co-occur, their combined impact is often larger than their individual one. Yet, detailed knowledge of the spatial footprints of these threats is lacking, including where
they overlap and how they change over time. These knowledge gaps are real barriers for effective conservation planning. Here, we develop a novel approach to reconstruct the individual and
[ver mas...]
Habitat destruction and overexploitation are the main threats to biodiversity and where they co-occur, their combined impact is often larger than their individual one. Yet, detailed knowledge of the spatial footprints of these threats is lacking, including where
they overlap and how they change over time. These knowledge gaps are real barriers for effective conservation planning. Here, we develop a novel approach to reconstruct the individual and combined footprints of both threats over time. We combine satellitebased
land-cover change maps, habitat suitability models and hunting pressure models to demonstrate our approach for the community of larger mammals (48 species > 1 kg) across the 1.1 million km2 Gran Chaco region, a global deforestation hotspot covering
parts of Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. This provides three key insights. First, we find that the footprints of habitat destruction and hunting pressure expanded considerably between 1985 and 2015, across ~40% of the entire Chaco – twice the área affected by deforestation. Second, both threats increasingly acted together within the ranges of larger mammals in the Chaco (17% increase on average, ± 20% SD, cumulative increase of co-occurring threats across 465 000 km2), suggesting large synergistic effects. Conversely, core areas of high-quality habitats declined on average by 38%. Third, we identified remaining priority areas for conservation in the northern and central Chaco, many of which are outside the protected area network. We also identify hotspots of high threat impacts in central Paraguay and northern Argentina, providing a spatial template for threat-specific conservation action. Overall, our findings suggest increasing synergistic effects between habitat destruction and hunting pressure in the Chaco, a situation likely common in many tropical deforestation frontiers. Our work highlights how threats can be traced in space and time to understand their individual and combined impact, even in situations where data are sparse.
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Autor
Romero Muñoz, Alfredo;
Benitez López, Ana;
Zurell, Damaris;
Baumann, Mathias;
Camino, Micaela;
Decarre, Julieta;
del Castillo, Hugo;
Giordano, Anthony;
Gómez Valencia, Bibiana;
Levers, Christian;
Noss, Andrew J.;
Quiroga, Verónica;
Thompson, Jeffrey J.;
Torres, Ricardo;
Velilla, Marianella;
Weiler, Andrea;
Kuemmerle, Tobias;
Fuente
Ecography 43 : 1-13. (2020)
Fecha
2020-03-17
ISSN
1600-0587
Formato
pdf
Tipo de documento
artículo
Palabras Claves
Derechos de acceso
Abierto
Excepto donde se diga explicitamente, este item se publica bajo la siguiente descripción: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Unported (CC BY-NC-SA 2.5)