Prevención del dolor musculoesquelético en trabajadores de dos establecimientos hortícolas, en la provincia de Corrientes, Argentina

Abstract

No existen antecedentes de estimación de prevalencias de dolencias físicas en trabajadores hortícolas de Lavalle, Corrientes. Objetivos: estimar la prevalencia de los Desórdenes Músculo-Esqueléticos (DME) en la columna vertebral y hombros, el esfuerzo físico de la actividad de trasplante de plantines y el impacto de ejercicios preventivos en una población de trabajadores de horticultura intensiva. Se realizó un ensayo clínico – controlado, prospectivo en tres grupos, dos de intervención A – B, por un período de 12 meses y un grupo comparativo C, 6 meses de duración. Se analizó, la prevalencia de vida, anual, trimestral y puntual de dolencias, en columna cervical, dorsal, lumbar y hombros, al inicio, 3, 6, 9 y 12 meses en los grupos de intervención A y B. En el grupo C, al inicio, 3 y 6 meses. La dolencia más prevalente, fue el dolor lumbar 98 %, 94,3 % y 66,7 %, seguida por el dorsal 61,7 %, 52,7 % y 55,3 %; cervical 61 %, 45 % y 55,3 %; hombros 54 %, 40,3 % y 35 % (prevalencias de vida, anual y puntual promedio de los 3 grupos A, B y C). Implementadas las estrategias preventivas, el dolor lumbar bajo un 60 % y 100 % en los grupos de intervención; 33 % en el comparativo, el dolor dorsal, 59,8 % y 100 %, en los grupos de intervención, y 25,4% en el grupo C, el dolor cervical, se redujo 87 %, 100 % y 0 %, en los grupos de intervención, A, B y en el control C, respectivamente. El dolor de hombros, cayó un 76 % en el de intervención y 34% en el grupo comparativo. La actividad de trasplante, se caracterizó como “ligera” y “pesada”, mañana y tarde, respectivamente El dolor lumbar es el DME, más prevalente. Estrategias de prevención, basadas en la combinación de capacitación y ejercicios físicos específicos, permiten reducir las dolencias en trabajadores de horticultura intensiva. | Prevention of musculoskeletal pain in horticultural workers of two farms, in the province of Corrientes, Argentina | There is no previous researchwork as regards Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) in horticultural workers from Lavalle, Corrientes. The aims were to estimate the prevalence of MSD in the spine and shoulders, the physical ef-fort of seedling transplant activity and the impact of preventive exercises in a population of intensive horticulture workers. A controlled and prospective clinical trial study was carried out in three groups, two intervention groups A – B, for 12 months and a comparative group, C, for 6 months. The lifetime prevalence of punctual, quaterly and annual pain in cervical spine, thoracic, lumbar and shoulders, was analyzed at the beginning, at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months in the intervention groups A and B. In group C, at the beginning, at 3 and 6 months. The most prevalent MSD was low back pain 98%, 94.3% and 66.7%, followed by dorsal pain 61.7%, 52.7% and 55.3%; cervical pain 61%, 45% and 55.3%; and, shoulders pain 54%, 40.3% and 35%, (average lifetime, annual and punctual prevalence of the 3 groups A, B and C, respectively). Once the preventive strategies were implemented, low back pain de-creased by 60% and 100% in the intervention groups; 33% in the comparative, back pain, 59.8% and 100%, in the intervention groups, and 25.4% in group C, neck pain, was reduced 87%, 100% and 0%, in intervention groups A, B and control C group, respectively. Shoulder pain fell 76% in the intervention group and 34% in the comparison group C. The transplant activity was characterized as "light" and "heavy", morning and afternoon, respectively. Low back pain is the most prevalent MSD. Prevention strategies, based on the combination of training and specific physical exercises, allowed to reduce pain in intensive horticulture workers.

Prevention of musculoskeletal pain in horticultural workers of two farms, in the province of Corrientes, Argentina | There is no previous researchwork as regards Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD) in horticultural workers from Lavalle, Corrientes. The aims were to estimate the prevalence of MSD in the spine and shoulders, the physical ef-fort of seedling transplant activity and the impact of preventive exercises in a population of intensive horticulture workers. A controlled and prospective clinical trial study was carried out in three groups, two intervention groups A – B, for 12 months and a comparative group, C, for 6 months. The lifetime prevalence of punctual, quaterly and annual pain in cervical spine, thoracic, lumbar and shoulders, was analyzed at the beginning, at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months in the intervention groups A and B. In group C, at the beginning, at 3 and 6 months. The most prevalent MSD was low back pain 98%, 94.3% and 66.7%, followed by dorsal pain 61.7%, 52.7% and 55.3%; cervical pain 61%, 45% and 55.3%; and, shoulders pain 54%, 40.3% and 35%, (average lifetime, annual and punctual prevalence of the 3 groups A, B and C, respectively). Once the preventive strategies were implemented, low back pain de-creased by 60% and 100% in the intervention groups; 33% in the comparative, back pain, 59.8% and 100%, in the intervention groups, and 25.4% in group C, neck pain, was reduced 87%, 100% and 0%, in intervention groups A, B and control C group, respectively. Shoulder pain fell 76% in the intervention group and 34% in the comparison group C. The transplant activity was characterized as "light" and "heavy", morning and afternoon, respectively. Low back pain is the most prevalent MSD. Prevention strategies, based on the combination of training and specific physical exercises, allowed to reduce pain in intensive horticulture workers.