Relación de la dieta con el color y la terneza de la carne vacuna.

Abstract

Para el consumidor de carne vacuna la calidad sensorial es importante al momento de la compra y el consumo. El color depende mayormente de la concentración de mioglobina y el pH, en tanto que la terneza está relacionada con el pH, la composición del colágeno y la degradación miofibrilar. Todos ellos pueden influenciarse por la dieta. La concentración de mioglobina depende del tipo de fibra muscular, cuyo metabolismo está influenciado por la dieta que reciban los animales. Las dietas de baja energía se asocian a fibras rojas, con metabolismo oxidativo y mayor concentración de mioglobina, mientras que las dietas ricas en energía estimulan el desarrollo de fibras glucolíticas. Estas últimas, tienen la capacidad de acumular más glucógeno. El metabolismo de las miofibras también afecta al contenido de enzimas proteolíticas, las fibras oxidativas presentan mayor concentración de calpaínas que las fibras glicolíticas. La estructura del colágeno es influenciada por la dieta de forma indirecta, ya que su efecto está mediado por la tasa de ganancia de peso. Al consumir dietas energéticas los animales incrementan la velocidad de ganancia de peso, lo que disminuye el colágeno total por un efecto de dilución debido al aumento de miofibrillas. Por otro lado, la energía puede retrasar la formación y estabilización de las estructuras del colágeno, con aumento de la fracción soluble. La dieta cumple un rol importante sobre la calidad de la carne, por lo tanto mantener un buen nivel de alimentación permite maximizar la calidad y lograr un producto con atributos sensoriales coincidentes con los requeridos por un gran número de consumidores. The sensorial quality of meat is important when consumers both purchase and eat it. When buying, color is most important, whereas tenderness is significant when eating. The color of the meat mostly depends on the concentration of myoglobin and pH, while tenderness is related to pH, collagen composition and myofibrillar degradation. Muscle fiber metabolism depends on the diet that the animals receive. Low-energy diets are associated with red fibers, oxidative metabolism, and increased myoglobin concentration. High-energy diets stimulate the development of glycolytic fibers, which have the ability to accumulate more glycogen. Myofiber metabolism also affects the content of proteolytic enzymes; oxidative fibers present a higher calpain concentration than glycolytic fibers. Collagen structure is affected by diet indirectly; its effect is mediated by daily weight gain. When consuming energetic diets, animals rapidly increase their weight, which will reduce total collagen by a dilution established by myofibrils increase. Additionally, an energetic diet can delay formation and stabilization of collagen structures, with an increasing soluble proportion. As diet plays an important role in the quality of meat, a good nutritional level allows maximizing quality; as a result, a large number of consumers will have a product with the sensory characteristics required

The sensorial quality of meat is important when consumers both purchase and eat it. When buying, color is most important, whereas tenderness is significant when eating. The color of the meat mostly depends on the concentration of myoglobin and pH, while tenderness is related to pH, collagen composition and myofibrillar degradation. Muscle fiber metabolism depends on the diet that the animals receive. Low-energy diets are associated with red fibers, oxidative metabolism, and increased myoglobin concentration. High-energy diets stimulate the development of glycolytic fibers, which have the ability to accumulate more glycogen. Myofiber metabolism also affects the content of proteolytic enzymes; oxidative fibers present a higher calpain concentration than glycolytic fibers. Collagen structure is affected by diet indirectly; its effect is mediated by daily weight gain. When consuming energetic diets, ani-mals rapidly increase their weight, which will reduce total collagen by a dilution established by myofibrils increase. Additionally, an energetic diet can delay formation and stabilization of collagen structures, with an increasing soluble proportion. As diet plays an important role in the quality of meat, a good nutritional level allows maximizing quality; as a result, a large number of consumers will have a product with the sensory characteristics required.