Balance de masa de nitógeno en el cultivo de papa en Villa Dolores, Córdoba

Abstract

La utilización de elevadas dosis de nitrogeno(N) en cultivos de papa bajo riego puede incrementar el riesgo de pérdida al ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto d la dosis (0,100,150 y 250 kg N ha), la fuente (urea y urea tratada con nBTPT) y el momento de aplicación (plantación e inicio de tuberización) de N sobre el balance de masa de N en el cultivo de papa en Villa Dolores, Córdoba.

The use of high rates of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in irrigated potato crops may increase the risk of N losses to the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of N rate (250,150, 100 and 0 kg N ha-1), source (urea and treated urea nBTPT), and timing (at planting and tuber initiation) on the N mass balance in potato crop of Villa Dolores, Córdoba. Nitrogen losses were estimated by quantifying N inputs (initial N, mineralized soil N and N fertilizer) and N outputs (N accumulated in tubers, in straw and residual soil N) in two production plots. No differences were determined between nBTPT and urea for any of the evaluated variables. Tuber yield was greater using 250 kg N ha-1 or with 150 and 100 kg N ha-1 at the start of tuberization. The tuber yield obtained by fractional fertilization of 100 kg N ha-1 was lower compared to this same rate applied at the start of tuberization. Estimated N losses ranged from 29 to 235 kg ha-1, and were significant even in the control treatment. Most of these losses were caused by nitrate leaching in the early stages of the season.