Variación de los niveles sanguíneos de macro y micro minerales, en bovinos para carne expuestos a exceso de ión fluoruro en la alimentación.

Abstract

La causa más frecuente de eliminación de una vaca de cría de un rodeo es su desgaste dental, aunque el resto del organismo pueda seguir funcionando sin inconvenientes. Este desgaste puede llevar a una reducción en el 50% de la vida útil potencial de un bovino. Las causas que producen desgaste dental y que establecen la variabilidad de esta característica se pueden clasificar en ambientales y genéticas. Estas últimas no fueron puestas en evaluación en este trabajo. Dentro de las causas ambientales, la calidad del agua de bebida es un factor muy relevante en la presentación del desgaste dental, principalmente debido a la presencia excesiva de flúor (F). El ion fluoruro (F) presente en el agua, es una de las tantas sustancias disueltas en la misma, y es esencial para la salud de los humanos y los animales. Sus efectos dependen directamente de su concentración. Así, concentraciones superiores a 1,5 ppm resultan peligrosas para el normal desarrollo de los dientes y los huesos, tanto en humanos como en animales. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: 1) poner a punto la determinación micropotenciométrica de F en muestras de suero bovino, material vegetal y agua de bebida. 2) Relacionar el contenido de F en estas muestras con valores de oligoelementos y macroelementos en suero de animales expuestos a diferentes dosis de F en el agua de bebida para detectar algún patrón de variación en los valores sanguíneos de macro y/u oligominerales que sirviera de herramienta de detección precoz de la fluorosis bovina. Se realizaron muestreos estacionales de agua de bebida, alimento y suero de 24 animales en 4 establecimientos agropecuarios del partido de Guaminí, Provincia de Buenos Aires. En esta zona el desgaste dental es una problemática planteada por los productores. La técnica potenciométrica resultó adecuada para la cuantificación de F en suero, material vegetal y agua. En el agua de bebida se hallaron valores de F en un rango desde menos de 0,5 ppm hasta más de 2 ppm. En suero se halló aumento de los niveles de F, deficiencia de cobre, disminución de la actividad de ceruloplasmina oxidasa (en el único muestreo en que fue posible este análisis) y no se detectó variación en los niveles séricos de Ca, P, Mg y Zn. En pasturas se encontraron deficiencias anuales de Ca, P y Mg además de deficiencias estacionales de Cu. No se evidenció desgaste dental en los animales involucrados en este trabajo.

In cattle, age is estimated by examining the degree of wear of permanent incisor teeth in order to aid culling decisions. Although cows are culled due to excessive dental wear, they are usually still functional. However, productive life is usually reduced to 50% due to several causes, including premature dental wear. Dental wear can be influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Among environmental causes, quality of drinkable water are the main factor associated. Water characteristics is relevant in relation with dental wear, mainly due to fluorine excess. Fluoride availability is essential to livestock wellbeing. Concentrations > 1.5mg/L can lead to fluorosis which could be detrimental to normal dental and bone growth in humans as well in animals. This work aims: 1) set a potentiometric determination of F in bovine serum, drinking water and forage; and 2) evaluate patrons of variations in blood macro and oligo minerals in relation with F metabolism in order to use them as an early detection tool for bovine fluorosis. Seasonal sampling of drinking water, food and serum of 24 animals was carried out in 4 agricultural establishments in Guaminí, Province of Buenos Aires. In this area, dental wear is a problem raised by the producers. In serum, copper deficiencies, decreased activity of ceruloplasmin oxidase (in just one sampling) and increases in F were found. In the drinking water, F values were found in a range from less than 0.5 ppm to more than 2 ppm. In pastures annual deficiencies of Ca, P and Mg were found in addition to seasonal deficiencies of Cu. There was not observable dental wear in the animals involved.

In cattle, age is estimated by examining the degree of wear of permanent incisor teeth in order to aid culling decisions. Although cows are culled due to excessive dental wear, they are usually still functional. However, productive life is usually reduced to 50% due to several causes, including premature dental wear. Dental wear can be influenced by environmental and genetic factors. Among environmental causes, quality of drinkable water are the main factor associated. Water characteristics is relevant in relation with dental wear, mainly due to fluorine excess. Fluoride availability is essential to livestock wellbeing. Concentrations > 1.5mg/L can lead to fluorosis which could be detrimental to normal dental and bone growth in humans as well in animals. This work aims: 1) set a potentiometric determination of F- in bovine serum, drinking water and forage; and 2) evaluate patrons of variations in blood macro and oligo minerals in relation with F metabolism in order to use them as an early detection tool for bovine fluorosis. Seasonal sampling of drinking water, food and serum of 24 animals was carried out in 4 agricultural establishments in Guaminí, Province of Buenos Aires. In this area, dental wear is a problem raised by the producers. In serum, copper deficiencies, decreased activity of ceruloplasmin oxidase (in just one sampling) and increases in F- were found. In the drinking water, F- values were found in a range from less than 0.5 ppm to more than 2 ppm. In pastures annual deficiencies of Ca, P and Mg were found in addition to seasonal deficiencies of Cu. There was not observable dental wear in the animals involved.