Decision-making on crop sequence diversification in the Argentine pampas

Abstract

Context: Heterogeneity in land use decisions is widespread in the Argentine Pampas. Given the prevailing simplified cropping systems, a move towards more sustainable intensification implies enhancing crop rotation diversification. Despite the regional and global significance of agriculture in the Pampas, there is limited information regarding the determinants influencing land use decisions. Objective: This study analyses the factors that influence the decision to diversify crop sequences in Rolling Pampa, the corn belt of Argentina. Methods: From April 2020 to March 2021, a survey was conducted in the Arrecifes river basin, located in northern Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The survey involved 120 farmers who were chosen using a stratified sampling technique. The survey collected information on land use, specifically regarding crop sequences in 2017–2018, 2018–2019, and 2019–2020 cropping seasons, as well as the structural variables of farms included size, tenure, and location. The survey also gathered data on farmers’ characteristics, the land use decision-making process, and objectives and constraints in shaping land use. Employing a probit statistical model and conducting independence tests, the study analyzed factors influencing crop sequences selection. Results and Conclusions: The findings indicate a positive correlation between land use diversification and farm size, land tenure, and the inclusion of livestock activities. Additionally, regional differences in the degree of diversification were noted. A negative correlation emerged between diversification and the years of experience of decision-makers. The study also found that the likelihood of diversification is significantly affected by the objectives related to reducing economic risk and maintaining high levels of soil organic matter, as well as the limitation of land availability for cultivation. Significance: To promote suitable paths towards sustainable intensification of agriculture in the Argentine Pampas, it is essential to identify the factors that influence farmers’ land use decisions. This study contributes to the understanding of the decision-making processes regarding crop rotations and cropping system diversification in the region, providing valuable insights for policymakers, advisors, and agricultural stakeholders to design targeted strategies for sustainable agricultural development.