Caracterización preliminar de cultivares comerciales de sorgo silero en Misiones (Argentina). Campaña 2016/2017

Abstract

Fodder reserves allow intensification and stabilization of pastoral production systems by transferring pasture and green surpluses to times of the year when the supply is lower. Given the limited local information on the behavior of sorghum crop, the present work aims to characterize and identify genotypes and / or groups of genotypes with better aptitude for the production of whole plant silage for the region. A total of 13 sorghum cultivars were evaluated using phenological, morphological and agronomic traits. Significant differences between cultivars for plant height, days to flowering, green and dry matter production and percentage of stem and panicle were found. A great variation in the behavior of the evaluated materials was observed, with flowering cycles between 90 and 131 days and plant heights from 1.89 to 3.78 m. The average production of green and dry biomass was 60.687 kg ha-1 and 21.215 kg ha-1 respectively. The photosensitive cultivars G130 AA and ADV 2010 showed the greatest potential of accumulation of green and dry matter. However, the cultivar Sugargraze, besides the high biomass accumulation presents a greater contribution of the panicle, which could improve the quality of silage. The agronomic potential observed in this study shows sorghum as an excellent alternative for the region.

Las reservas forrajeras permiten intensificar y estabilizar los sistemas de producción pastoril al transferir los excedentes de las pasturas y verdeos hacia momentos del año donde la oferta es menor. Dada la escasa información local del comportamiento del cultivo de sorgo, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar e identificar genotipos y/o grupos de genotipos con mejor aptitud para la producción de silo de planta entera en la región. Se evaluaron 13 cultivares de sorgo, se hallaron diferencias significativas entre cultivares para los caracteres altura de planta, días a floración, producción de materia verde y seca y porcentaje de tallo y panoja.